Intel 前員工解釋 Intel 到底怎麼了 P2 - 工程師
By Heather
at 2020-07-29T19:50
at 2020-07-29T19:50
Table of Contents
https://www.facebook.com/RDinPortland/posts/3187666937992352
Intel 到底怎麼了? Part 2
Intel為什麼會找上台積電代工? 這不是一個突然的決定, 一切都是有跡可循的, 冰凍三
尺非一日之寒.
要先說清楚, 找台積電代工有兩種情況, 一種是當初買進來的單位(像英飛凌無線部門)
本來就有一些採用較舊的台積電28nm製程的RF電路, 這種純粹屬於計畫需要, 沒有必要為
了轉單而轉單.
而另外一種情況才是Intel本身造成的問題. 要知道產能的規劃是長期的, 環環相扣, 一
個環節出問題就會對未來造成影響 - 建廠, 備料, 培訓人員, 調整機台, 等TD
(technology development) 把製程配方調出來了, 開始小量試產, 一邊調整良率, 另一
方面design team提早一兩年開始設計, 最後在雙方約定好的時間, 設計團隊把藍圖交給
晶圓廠, 開始一層一層的光罩慢慢做, 幾週後生產, 封裝, 測試, 然後交貨.
理想的狀況下, Intel 10nm製程開發順暢, 14nm廠一邊量產, 10nm廠一邊慢慢熱身準備就
緒, 等到良率達標, 可以開始接大單了, design team在10nm上也差不多設計好了, 然後
10nm大門一開, 誰先上? GT先上, 因為GT (Graphic) 圖形處理的架構比較一致, 設計週
期比較短, 可以比較快擠出設計藍圖. 然後CPU老大, Server老二陸續進去, 然後10nm產
量持續增加, 14nm慢慢騰出產能. 接下來呢?
要知道 Intel 10萬大軍扣掉TMG/CPU/Server, 還有很多鬆散的外圍組織也需要晶片. 這
些單位很多都是前CEO BK揮霍老本買進來的敗家收藏, 像是原本還算有點名氣但逐漸被人
遺忘的FPGA公司Altera (改名PSG), 為了重返手機市場榮耀買進來的英飛凌無線部門(改
名iCDG), 趕流行被當冤大頭買貴了的人工智慧Nervana(改名AIPG), 自動駕駛Mobileye.
扣掉這些大型裝飾, 還有一些基礎IP, IO, 記憶體, 還有小號CPU Atom. 最後就是一些量
不大, 一台公車(MPW Shuttle)就可以打發的單位, 像是純做研究/發paper/出新聞稿的
Intel Labs, 幫TMG做測試晶片的AD (Advanced Design). 總之, 山頭林立, 無奇不有.
更有甚者, 還有一些不知什麼原因默默地在Intel裡載浮載沉討生活的浪人group, 我認識
的一位業內老前輩統稱這些group是後娘養的, 沒人疼的孩子. 這些浪人group其實曾經也
是有頭有臉隸屬於正規組織的, 但是這些正規組織被解散了 (像英特爾一時興起的晶圓代
工, Intel Custom Foundry), 設計部門的頭目為了手下武士的生計, 只好在Intel裡面幫
人打工, 譬如Server部門要做什麼記憶體控制IC, 人手不夠, 就暫時讓浪人group來接這
個活. 如果面臨太多競爭, 像是遇到印度班加洛用人海戰術又愛誇口一切沒問題把活搶走
了, 或是遇到馬來西亞濱城幹起活來不要命的華人工程師, 那只能摸摸鼻子, 去接一些別
人撿剩的朝不保夕的活, 像是幫大陸的中興ZTE做chip, 每天看著川普的臉色等著project
被cancel. 看過動物星球頻道的就知道飢餓的時候是沒有選擇的餘地的. Intel內部就是
這樣一個弱肉強食的世界.
總之, 這些各式各樣的單位, 就按照對公司的獲利貢獻的重要程度, 來決定要不要排進去
10nm或繼續用14nm的多餘產能.
結果世事難料, 10nm難產, Fab空轉, 最重要的CPU/Server/GT怎麼辦? 只好繼續佔用14nm
的產能. 最慘的情況來了, TMG裡面負責製程研發的單位是TD(technology
development). TD本來就處在人人過勞的極限狀態, 以前14nm弄好了, 主力就移師10nm,
留下一小批人力維護14nm, 然後再分出一小隊精銳先鋒去7nm. 現在14nm要繼續搞, 還要
搞14nm+, 14nm++, 14nm+++(所謂的擠牙膏), 那分給10nm人數就少了, 7nm就更少了. 硬
生生地就讓自己越陷越深. 所以說一步錯, 步步錯.
現在14nm產能都給了公司的命脈CPU/Server, 那其他剩下的單位怎麼辦? 日子還是要過,
IC還是要出貨, 為了求生路, 大家就紛紛發難, 勢力相對大一點的iCDG就跳出來說, 我們
在英飛凌時代就是用台積電, 合作愉快, 讓我們繼續用吧. AIPG說我們的AI chip不能等
, 有多少的data等著我們train, Nvidia都甩過我們好幾條街了, 所以我們一定要用最好
的製程, 沒有Intel 10nm就給我TSMC 7nm. 竟然連一些幫Server系統做周邊chip的小咖說
話都大聲起來, 不給我們出去, Server也出不了貨, 大家要死一起死!
到了這種地步, Intel高層有任何選擇嗎? 開放到TSMC下單是不得已而為之的最後解決方
法. Intel身為一家上市公司, 對股東有盈利的義務, 但盈利不代表一定要靠自己生產晶
片, 就像Jordan打籃球再神也不能只靠自己得分, 有時候關鍵時刻也要分球給Steve
Kerr (結果多年後金州勇士隊就在他的教導下崛起了).
至於Intel開始到TSMC下單之後對本身公司體質產生了嚴重的副作用, 還有CPU的project
怎麼也開始用起TSMC了, 下回分解.
--
Intel 到底怎麼了? Part 2
Intel為什麼會找上台積電代工? 這不是一個突然的決定, 一切都是有跡可循的, 冰凍三
尺非一日之寒.
要先說清楚, 找台積電代工有兩種情況, 一種是當初買進來的單位(像英飛凌無線部門)
本來就有一些採用較舊的台積電28nm製程的RF電路, 這種純粹屬於計畫需要, 沒有必要為
了轉單而轉單.
而另外一種情況才是Intel本身造成的問題. 要知道產能的規劃是長期的, 環環相扣, 一
個環節出問題就會對未來造成影響 - 建廠, 備料, 培訓人員, 調整機台, 等TD
(technology development) 把製程配方調出來了, 開始小量試產, 一邊調整良率, 另一
方面design team提早一兩年開始設計, 最後在雙方約定好的時間, 設計團隊把藍圖交給
晶圓廠, 開始一層一層的光罩慢慢做, 幾週後生產, 封裝, 測試, 然後交貨.
理想的狀況下, Intel 10nm製程開發順暢, 14nm廠一邊量產, 10nm廠一邊慢慢熱身準備就
緒, 等到良率達標, 可以開始接大單了, design team在10nm上也差不多設計好了, 然後
10nm大門一開, 誰先上? GT先上, 因為GT (Graphic) 圖形處理的架構比較一致, 設計週
期比較短, 可以比較快擠出設計藍圖. 然後CPU老大, Server老二陸續進去, 然後10nm產
量持續增加, 14nm慢慢騰出產能. 接下來呢?
要知道 Intel 10萬大軍扣掉TMG/CPU/Server, 還有很多鬆散的外圍組織也需要晶片. 這
些單位很多都是前CEO BK揮霍老本買進來的敗家收藏, 像是原本還算有點名氣但逐漸被人
遺忘的FPGA公司Altera (改名PSG), 為了重返手機市場榮耀買進來的英飛凌無線部門(改
名iCDG), 趕流行被當冤大頭買貴了的人工智慧Nervana(改名AIPG), 自動駕駛Mobileye.
扣掉這些大型裝飾, 還有一些基礎IP, IO, 記憶體, 還有小號CPU Atom. 最後就是一些量
不大, 一台公車(MPW Shuttle)就可以打發的單位, 像是純做研究/發paper/出新聞稿的
Intel Labs, 幫TMG做測試晶片的AD (Advanced Design). 總之, 山頭林立, 無奇不有.
更有甚者, 還有一些不知什麼原因默默地在Intel裡載浮載沉討生活的浪人group, 我認識
的一位業內老前輩統稱這些group是後娘養的, 沒人疼的孩子. 這些浪人group其實曾經也
是有頭有臉隸屬於正規組織的, 但是這些正規組織被解散了 (像英特爾一時興起的晶圓代
工, Intel Custom Foundry), 設計部門的頭目為了手下武士的生計, 只好在Intel裡面幫
人打工, 譬如Server部門要做什麼記憶體控制IC, 人手不夠, 就暫時讓浪人group來接這
個活. 如果面臨太多競爭, 像是遇到印度班加洛用人海戰術又愛誇口一切沒問題把活搶走
了, 或是遇到馬來西亞濱城幹起活來不要命的華人工程師, 那只能摸摸鼻子, 去接一些別
人撿剩的朝不保夕的活, 像是幫大陸的中興ZTE做chip, 每天看著川普的臉色等著project
被cancel. 看過動物星球頻道的就知道飢餓的時候是沒有選擇的餘地的. Intel內部就是
這樣一個弱肉強食的世界.
總之, 這些各式各樣的單位, 就按照對公司的獲利貢獻的重要程度, 來決定要不要排進去
10nm或繼續用14nm的多餘產能.
結果世事難料, 10nm難產, Fab空轉, 最重要的CPU/Server/GT怎麼辦? 只好繼續佔用14nm
的產能. 最慘的情況來了, TMG裡面負責製程研發的單位是TD(technology
development). TD本來就處在人人過勞的極限狀態, 以前14nm弄好了, 主力就移師10nm,
留下一小批人力維護14nm, 然後再分出一小隊精銳先鋒去7nm. 現在14nm要繼續搞, 還要
搞14nm+, 14nm++, 14nm+++(所謂的擠牙膏), 那分給10nm人數就少了, 7nm就更少了. 硬
生生地就讓自己越陷越深. 所以說一步錯, 步步錯.
現在14nm產能都給了公司的命脈CPU/Server, 那其他剩下的單位怎麼辦? 日子還是要過,
IC還是要出貨, 為了求生路, 大家就紛紛發難, 勢力相對大一點的iCDG就跳出來說, 我們
在英飛凌時代就是用台積電, 合作愉快, 讓我們繼續用吧. AIPG說我們的AI chip不能等
, 有多少的data等著我們train, Nvidia都甩過我們好幾條街了, 所以我們一定要用最好
的製程, 沒有Intel 10nm就給我TSMC 7nm. 竟然連一些幫Server系統做周邊chip的小咖說
話都大聲起來, 不給我們出去, Server也出不了貨, 大家要死一起死!
到了這種地步, Intel高層有任何選擇嗎? 開放到TSMC下單是不得已而為之的最後解決方
法. Intel身為一家上市公司, 對股東有盈利的義務, 但盈利不代表一定要靠自己生產晶
片, 就像Jordan打籃球再神也不能只靠自己得分, 有時候關鍵時刻也要分球給Steve
Kerr (結果多年後金州勇士隊就在他的教導下崛起了).
至於Intel開始到TSMC下單之後對本身公司體質產生了嚴重的副作用, 還有CPU的project
怎麼也開始用起TSMC了, 下回分解.
--
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