三星跳過4奈米,期望直攻3奈米挑戰台積電 - 工程師
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By Kelly
at 2020-07-06T13:47
at 2020-07-06T13:47
Table of Contents
三星跳過4奈米,期望直攻3奈米挑戰台積電在晶圓代工地位
https://bit.ly/3e0LUIH
晶圓代工龍頭台積電宣布將推出一種採用4奈米製程的“ N4”,而N4製程是其5奈米製程
N5P的增強版,預計將於2023年投入量產。對於三星來說,為了超進度,決定跳過4奈米,
直攻3奈米。
對於台積電來說,重複6奈米製程N6的舊戰略。這一戰略就是讓原本採用7奈米製程N7 +的
客戶,在相同晶圓設計之下,得以採用N6,讓晶片成本降低,且又能在性能和功耗方面繼
續獲得優化。簡單來說,這是一種在短時間之內可以延續優勢的戰略方案。
實際上,台積電確立在美國建立一座新的晶圓廠,並以投入5奈米製程。如果到時候,一
切順利的話,這一座工廠也可以轉進4奈米,為美國客戶帶來更具優勢的製程。其實,台
積電積極強化自己生態體系,協助台灣本土供應鏈升級,希望帶領台灣半導體業者前進美
國,包括台灣地區間接原物料、後段設備與零配件在地採購比重將逐步提高,台灣供應商
可望受惠。台積電訂定在地採購目標,間接原物料台灣在地採購比例今年將達60%,119年
將提升至64%;後段設備今年比例將約36%,119年計劃提高至40%;零配件今年比例將約
50%,119年預計達60%。
至於三星,原本期待在2019年將製程移轉至5奈米,迎頭趕上台積電製程優勢,但是卻沒
有成功。或許在這一次失敗的路上,讓三星學習到寶貴的經驗,因而決定往3奈米邁進。
三星面臨的風險來自於多方面。首先,微縮晶片尺寸以提高效率的過程需要很穩定的研發
當作基礎。至少在過去的幾代製程之中,三星和台積電等公司在很大程度上都是依靠前一
代晶片製程來開發下一代晶片。如果直接跳過,三星有可能失去解決4奈米所需要知識與
經驗,讓其技術落後台積電更多。
其次,每一代製程都需要投入龐大資金,三星這一舉動很可能讓其損失更多資金。雖然三
星已獲得高通5奈米晶片(Snapdragon X60 5G數據機)的訂單,但是,如果事實證明4奈
米晶片在性能與功耗上都比5奈米好太多,那麼其可能失去所有5奈米晶片的訂單。
畢竟,廠商在決定要將5奈米訂單給台積電或三星時,不會只有單純考慮現今的5奈米製程
而已,必須思考廠商長期製程技術的成熟度以及對未來的承諾。否則廠商要推出3奈米製
程的晶片時,將必須面臨延遲推出的窘境。
根據台積電公布的藍圖,將在2020年第四季開始量產第一代5奈米,現今也正進入完成3奈
米製程設計的框架,並預計在2021年上半年投入3奈米製程的試產。此外,台積電也正在
加快研發2奈米製程。
總之,三星想要追趕台積電的企圖心非常明顯,未來幾年研發與資金高度投入將是關鍵。
--
https://bit.ly/3e0LUIH
晶圓代工龍頭台積電宣布將推出一種採用4奈米製程的“ N4”,而N4製程是其5奈米製程
N5P的增強版,預計將於2023年投入量產。對於三星來說,為了超進度,決定跳過4奈米,
直攻3奈米。
對於台積電來說,重複6奈米製程N6的舊戰略。這一戰略就是讓原本採用7奈米製程N7 +的
客戶,在相同晶圓設計之下,得以採用N6,讓晶片成本降低,且又能在性能和功耗方面繼
續獲得優化。簡單來說,這是一種在短時間之內可以延續優勢的戰略方案。
實際上,台積電確立在美國建立一座新的晶圓廠,並以投入5奈米製程。如果到時候,一
切順利的話,這一座工廠也可以轉進4奈米,為美國客戶帶來更具優勢的製程。其實,台
積電積極強化自己生態體系,協助台灣本土供應鏈升級,希望帶領台灣半導體業者前進美
國,包括台灣地區間接原物料、後段設備與零配件在地採購比重將逐步提高,台灣供應商
可望受惠。台積電訂定在地採購目標,間接原物料台灣在地採購比例今年將達60%,119年
將提升至64%;後段設備今年比例將約36%,119年計劃提高至40%;零配件今年比例將約
50%,119年預計達60%。
至於三星,原本期待在2019年將製程移轉至5奈米,迎頭趕上台積電製程優勢,但是卻沒
有成功。或許在這一次失敗的路上,讓三星學習到寶貴的經驗,因而決定往3奈米邁進。
三星面臨的風險來自於多方面。首先,微縮晶片尺寸以提高效率的過程需要很穩定的研發
當作基礎。至少在過去的幾代製程之中,三星和台積電等公司在很大程度上都是依靠前一
代晶片製程來開發下一代晶片。如果直接跳過,三星有可能失去解決4奈米所需要知識與
經驗,讓其技術落後台積電更多。
其次,每一代製程都需要投入龐大資金,三星這一舉動很可能讓其損失更多資金。雖然三
星已獲得高通5奈米晶片(Snapdragon X60 5G數據機)的訂單,但是,如果事實證明4奈
米晶片在性能與功耗上都比5奈米好太多,那麼其可能失去所有5奈米晶片的訂單。
畢竟,廠商在決定要將5奈米訂單給台積電或三星時,不會只有單純考慮現今的5奈米製程
而已,必須思考廠商長期製程技術的成熟度以及對未來的承諾。否則廠商要推出3奈米製
程的晶片時,將必須面臨延遲推出的窘境。
根據台積電公布的藍圖,將在2020年第四季開始量產第一代5奈米,現今也正進入完成3奈
米製程設計的框架,並預計在2021年上半年投入3奈米製程的試產。此外,台積電也正在
加快研發2奈米製程。
總之,三星想要追趕台積電的企圖心非常明顯,未來幾年研發與資金高度投入將是關鍵。
--
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工程師
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By Selena
at 2020-11-05T11:02
at 2020-11-05T11:02
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By Bennie
at 2020-11-10T08:49
at 2020-11-10T08:49
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By Leila
at 2020-11-12T13:15
at 2020-11-12T13:15
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By Elma
at 2020-11-15T03:59
at 2020-11-15T03:59
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By John
at 2020-11-19T02:21
at 2020-11-19T02:21
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By Mary
at 2020-11-22T00:41
at 2020-11-22T00:41
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By Rachel
at 2020-11-26T21:49
at 2020-11-26T21:49
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By Blanche
at 2020-11-27T09:05
at 2020-11-27T09:05
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