公股13%還能延續多久? - 金融業討論
By Suhail Hany
at 2017-01-21T22:35
at 2017-01-21T22:35
Table of Contents
沒有了13%,台銀土銀的報考人數應該會呈下滑的趨勢,其他公股銀行業績壓力也
逐年高溫,未來數位化的浪潮改變與不確定性,現在進銀行業感覺是在幫退休的人員賺退
休金!
===============
國家年金改革委員會上周告一段落,主要退休制度都被端上檯面檢討,獨獨國營行庫退休
人員13%優惠存款制度在年改會上幾乎沒被討論。據了解,儘管台灣銀行、土地銀行、輸
出入銀行與中央銀行在職與退休人員13%優存超額利息部分達47.71億元,但國營行庫工會
要求政府,在國營行庫員工年資納入公保或勞保以前,不得逕行刪除13%優存,新政府為
避免國營事業員工發動抗爭,財政部方面已允諾,在年金改革方案提出後1年內,才針對1
3%優存存廢問題進行檢討。
台灣軍公教退撫制度極為複雜,不同部會所掌管的國營事業,退休員工所享受的退撫制度
也有很大差異。經濟部主管台電、中油、台糖、台水,在《公教人員保險法》修法後,於
2014年6月起和私立學校教職人員一起納入公保年金;不過,交通部主管的中華郵政與財
政部主管的台銀、土銀、輸出入銀行等國營行庫,迄今仍被排除在公務人員保險之外,中
華郵政部分適用《郵電事業人員退休撫卹條例》,國營行庫則適用《國營金融保險事業人
員退
休撫卹及資遣辦法》。
國營行庫迄今未被納入公保的重要關鍵在於,國營行庫退休人員退休後,可以享最高500
萬元的13%優惠存款,根據財政部統計,適用《國營金融保險事業人員退休撫卹及資遣辦
法》的退休人員人數為1萬2952人,其中,台銀、土銀、輸出入銀行的退休人員合計8652
人;另外,央行退休人員共1190人,也適用13%優惠存款,國營行庫與央行退休人員13%優
存的超額利息合計達47.71億元。
以台銀為例,台銀去年度退休員工13%優存超額利息負擔為22.42億元,是台銀2014年度稅
後淨利88.72億元的4分之1,土銀退休人員的優存超額利息負擔為10.9億元,是土銀2014
年度稅後淨利94.36億元的9分之1。台銀方面除了必須承擔退休員工優存超額利息負擔,
同時也得承擔軍公教人員18%的部分利息負擔,相關政策負擔讓台銀背負沉重獲利壓力。
不過,年改會日前在討論國營事業員工為首的「特殊對象」議題時,對於國營行庫13%優
惠存款的改革,卻意外地輕輕帶過,絕大部分時間用在國營事業民營化員工在民營化之前
的年資能否併入公保或勞保,主持會議的副總統陳建仁當天也說,「本來以為今天會討論
到公營銀行部分」。
當天負責報告該案的財政部人事處處長鍾振芳僅表示,「財政部所屬國營事業都是一次性
給付,希望未來能設計年金制度」,完全沒有提到13%優存。央行代表當天則表示,央行
行員適用優惠存款,已於2005年到2007年大幅改革,未來如何改革,等年金改革定案再檢
討。
財政部與央行官員在年改會上對13%優存不願多談,和政府擔心國營事業工會反彈有很大
關係。
事實上,不只台銀、土銀與輸銀3家國營行庫,目前已經轉民營的三商銀、合庫、兆豐銀
行,在2007年以前聘僱的員工仍然享有13%優惠存款待遇,因此,13%優惠存款制度的改變
,不僅涉及3家國營行庫在職與退休的2萬3789名員工,還影響到人數更多且力量更龐大的
泛公股銀行員工權益。
由於軍公教適用18%優惠存款的改革目前已箭在弦上,對於部分退休政務人員竟然可以排
除18%優存最高300萬元的存款上限,每月優存利息高達1、20萬元,社會各界都頗為不滿
,退休教職人員平均6.8萬元的月退休收入中,平均有2.3萬元來自優存利息,目前也被社
會各界討論,13%優存最高存款上限500萬元,每月可享最高利息收入5.5萬元,雖然不是
政府埋單,但是否符合公平正義原則,也值得討論。
據了解,2008年的優存改進方案,在2005年間提出,經過2年多勞資雙方才達成共識,財
政部方面擔心,若在未徵得勞方同意下片面改革13%優存,恐引發公股行庫員工集體反彈
,因此主張18%優存改革方案出爐後1年內,再進行檢討改革。
財政部次長蘇建榮強調,公股行庫退休員工13%優惠存款,目前係透過年金改革平台處理
,未來改革部分僅限於台銀、土銀、輸出入銀行等100%公股行庫,已經民營化的三商銀、
兆豐、合庫,其退休人員適用13%優惠存款部分,必須尊重公司治理,由董事會跟勞方進
行協商。
蘇建榮強調,上述公股行庫民營化之前,都曾經辦理年資結算,因此適用13%優惠存款人
數會相對比較少一點。
--
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