台積電赴美設廠 向華府反映成本高、缺人 - 工程師
By Dora
at 2022-12-06T08:33
at 2022-12-06T08:33
Table of Contents
台積電赴美設廠 向華府反映成本高、缺人力問題
2022/12/06 07:27:27
中央社 記者尹俊傑紐約5日專電
美國總統拜登出席台積電(2330)亞利桑那州新廠設備到廠典禮前,台積電向美國商務部
反映成本高、人力不足等問題。華爾街日報形容,這座預計明年底投產的晶圓廠經歷「誕
生之痛」。
台積電耗資120億美元在鳳凰城北部建造的5奈米晶圓廠6日將舉行首批機台設備到廠典禮
,為動工約一年半來重大里程碑之一。台積電副總經理克里夫蘭(Peter Cleveland)在
社群媒體領英(LinkedIn)發文預告,拜登將就台積電未來生產計畫發表談話。
不過,台積電11月致函美國商務部,反映在鳳凰城設廠面對的建造成本與工程不確定性,
使得在台灣建造同等先進晶圓廠的資本密集度大大降低。
台積電在信中表示,在美國製造晶片的真實障礙是「建造與營運的比較成本」。
台積電高層曾坦言,在台灣數十年來依賴在地工程人才、東亞等地供應鏈建立的製造生態
系統不易在美國複製。台積電創辦人張忠謀曾說,在亞利桑那州生產晶片的成本可能比在
台灣高50%以上。
台積電是回應商務部就美國晶片補貼計畫公開徵求意見,信中列出6項在亞利桑那州設廠
遇到「預期之外的工程狀況」,進而拉高建廠成本,其中包括聯邦法規要求。
報導引述知情人士表示,台積電盡可能將清潔、晶片製造等設備從台灣運往美國,原因是
美國廠商要價更高、找不到在地貨源。至於人力挑戰,台積電難以在美國找到剛畢業的工
程人才,必須投入更多資金招兵買馬,而且新聘的工程師要送往台灣培訓一年或一年半。
台積電表示,亞利桑那州新廠現有超過1000名雇員與其他人員,明年總數預計增至2000人
。
知情人士說,台積電也以薪資加倍與其他福利為誘惑,將台灣工程師送往亞利桑那州新廠
支援。
報導寫道,台積電雖反映這些問題,但仍在華府當靠山的情況下全力投入這項建廠計畫。
拜登出席台積電新廠首批機台設備到廠典禮,反映華府倚重這個全球晶圓代工龍頭為美國
晶片製造帶來助力。根據美國半導體協會(SIA)數據,30年前美國製造全球約37%的晶片
,如今只剩12%左右。
拜登致力將更多高科技製造帶到美國,8月簽字生效的「晶片與科學法」(CHIPS and
Science Act,簡稱晶片法)提供在美國生產晶片的廠商520億美元補貼及租稅優惠,國會
議員將此視為維持美國科技龍頭地位與保全供應鏈的關鍵。
報導指出,對台積電而言,美中關係緊繃時期加深與美方的關係符合政治道理,也有利於
和蘋果(Apple)、輝達(NVIDIA)等美國客戶合作開發新產品。
張忠謀11月赴泰國曼谷出席亞太經濟合作會議(APEC)經濟領袖會議後證實,台積電計劃
將更先進的3奈米製程引進亞利桑那州新廠。台積電表示,可作為二期廠房的建築已動工
,但尚未確定二期規畫。
https://reurl.cc/oZ82QV
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