巴西尋求和中國合作建立自己的半導體產業 - 工程師
By Suhail Hany
at 2023-04-07T19:56
at 2023-04-07T19:56
Table of Contents
作者: ynlin1996 (.) 看板: Stock
標題: [新聞] 巴西尋求和中國合作建立自己的半導體產業
時間: Fri Apr 7 16:43:03 2023
原文標題:
巴西尋求和中國合作建立自己的半導體產業鏈
原文連結:
https://bit.ly/3nS11Pt
發布時間:
2023.4.7
記者署名:
茋郁
原文內容:
儘管美國試圖阻止中國在半導體領域的發展,以及與其他各國的聯繫,但巴西仍將尋求中國的技術和投資來發展南美國家的半導體產業。
多年來,美國對中國公司實施了一波又一波的制裁和出口禁令,甚至拉攏日本和荷蘭一起打壓中國剛剛起步的半導體產業。為了擴大盟友範圍,美國期望包括巴西在內的幾個國家,能在全球貿易戰中選擇一方,但也讓這些國家陷入戰略困境。
基本上來說,巴西無法承受在中美之間日益緊張的局勢中,採取選邊站的戰略。 其除了對美國表示友善之外,巴西新任總統魯拉(Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva)也期望尋求中國在促進巴西可持續發展和數位經濟方面的合作。
從巴西的角度來看,如果中國提供良好的條件,其沒有拒絕的理由。最合理的推估的最大影響因素之一就是成本。
美國和歐洲已承諾提供數十億美元的補貼和稅收減免,以說服晶圓代工廠在他們的國家建造晶圓廠。美國和歐盟代表著世界上最大的兩個經濟體。巴西的國內生產總值為1.6兆美元,與美國的23.3兆美元和歐盟的15.5兆美元相比相形見絀。
因此,魯拉在吸引與美國結盟的晶片製造商在巴西開設工廠時,可能面臨財務困難。這些設施的建造成本並不低,尤其是在不斷上升的通貨膨脹推高了材料成本的情況下。
既然巴西很難以吸引英特爾、台積電或三星等公司投資,其卻可說服中國公司在巴西進行投資。儘管半導體製造成本很高,但這對中國來說,這是一個展示其在全球半導體舞台上的重要性的機會,同時也能擴大潛在市場,何樂不為。
在魯拉看來,追求中國技術有很多好處,中國對巴西半導體製造業的投資不僅會在巴西創造就業機會,而且還有可能吸引互補業務,並保證廉價半導體的穩定供應。
IDC認為在沒有現金或稅收減免的情況下,進入南美等尚未開發的半導體市場無疑是給巴西建廠的一個理由。此外,巴西也是拉丁美洲最大的汽車生產商之一。其實,美國晶片製造商曾經考慮到巴西是南美最大汽車生產國而擴大在巴西的業務。然而,在缺乏基礎設施、人才和政治動蕩的歷史,很大程度上阻礙了巴西長期、大規模的投資誘因。
雖然現在美國限制了中國在半導體技術的發展,但是華為等中國半導體公司卻很有信心,能在五年到十年在半導體重新崛起。此外,根據波士頓顧問公司(BCG) 警告稱,中國有望最早在2025年實現半導體自給自足。
總之,這一場地緣政治的角力戰,是否會讓未來的半導體甚至科技產業出現兩種不同技術的競爭,是現在產業界最關心的議題,畢竟,這將讓科技創新遇到更多障礙,也不利於經濟的發展效益!
心得/評論:
雖然美國全力制裁中國半導體發展,但是像是巴西這一類無法吸引半導體大廠進駐的國家,開始尋求與中國合作以增加當地的工作機會,中國也能獲得廉價勞力及展示其技術的平台。
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Tags:
工程師
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