彭博:美國兵推護晶片 將協助撤離台灣工 - 工程師
By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2022-10-08T10:19
at 2022-10-08T10:19
Table of Contents
彭博:美國兵推護晶片 將協助撤離台灣工程師
https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4082473
彭博週五(7日)報導,據熟悉美國拜登政府決策情況的人士稱,在俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後,針對中國可能襲擊台灣的應急計劃已經加強。主要是應對以台積電為首的台灣尖端晶片產業安全,以及考量更高的產業戰略意義。他們說,在最壞的情況下,美國會考慮協助撤離台灣的高技能晶片工程師。
拜登曾明確表示,如果中國襲擊台灣,美國將派出軍隊,這凸顯台灣旗艦半導體產業的命運,也正是困擾美國和台灣官員的共同問題。 美國國家安全委員會估計,中國入侵和台積電的損失可能會對全球經濟造成超過1兆美元的破壞,約為整個半導體行業全球年銷售額的兩倍。
官員透露美國兵棋推演 著眼半導體戰略
面對中國可能對台動武的兵棋沙盤推演,華府的一個潛在選擇是試圖吸引台積電員工乘坐最後一架飛機遷往美國。若在涉及北京全面入侵的情況下,美國會考慮撤離台灣的晶片工程師。然而,即使撤離可行,將台積電長期建立的基礎設施複製到其他地方也需要數年甚至數十年的時間,耗資數百億美元。
這種如同世界末日的情景,為華府的兵棋推演注入了新的動力,也彰顯一個令人不安的困境:儘管人們一直在談論大力支持台灣政府,但美國得出的結論是,它過於依賴台灣來獲得必不可少的先進晶片用於最新的智慧手機和下一代軍事硬體,並因此需要努力建立更多的國內產能。
彭博也引用一些美國前任和現任官員的意見,他們要求匿名坦率發言,但強調當局的計劃純粹是假設性的,許多細節仍未解決。
官員稱,台積電的實力在於領先的技術和在保持全球經濟繁榮不可或缺的作用。蘋果、特斯拉和汽車公司等都需要台積電的晶片,連美國軍方也一樣。英特爾比台積電的技術落後幾代,並且正在努力追趕。
台北已感到華府的壓力
官員表示,美國將台灣視為試圖建立的新晶片聯盟的關鍵部分,上個月參議院外交關係委員會批准了一項表達堅定支持的法案。儘管有這些保證,台北在晶片方面仍感受到華府的壓力,因為台灣也在試圖降低在全球供應鏈中的影響衝擊,實際上削弱了蔡英文總統所說的台灣矽盾。
台灣正試圖緩和華府的擔憂。本週,台北承諾會與美國和其他盟國密切合作,以防止中國軍隊獲得其最先進的技術。台積電已同意在亞利桑那州建立一個價值120億美元的晶片製造廠或晶圓廠,並正在考慮建立一個歐洲中心。然而,台積電也表示,不打算將其最先進的技術轉移到國外。
晶片過度集中 引發危險信號
塔夫茨大學副教授、《晶片戰爭:爭奪世界最大利益》一書的作者克里斯米勒表示,科技業的關鍵技術晶片產業在台灣的集中度「已經引發了危險信號」。
為了減少對外國供應的依賴,美國鼓勵台積電建設亞利桑那工廠,並從韓國三星電子公司獲得170億美元的承諾,用於在德州新建一座先進的工廠。三星是唯一一家在領先地位挑戰台積電的公司。
美國官員認為,在本月的共產黨代表大會之後,中國的態度將變得更加強硬,屆時預計習近平將獲得打破先例的第三個任期。官員看到習在領土主張表現得越來越大膽、更加咄咄逼人。並非所有美國官員都相信習近平會軍事入侵,但即使是封鎖或經濟脅迫,也會對台灣和全球經濟造成嚴重後果。
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