超車台積電?IBM 宣布推出 2 奈米製程晶 - 工程師
By Regina
at 2021-05-07T09:21
at 2021-05-07T09:21
Table of Contents
超車台積電?IBM 宣布推出 2 奈米製程晶片及技術
Tech News
5/7/2021
https://technews.tw/2021/05/07/ibm-announces-the-launch-of-2nm-process-chip-and-technolog
就在晶圓代工龍頭台積電之前重申先進的 2 奈米製程將會在 2023 年進行風險試產的當下,有一家科技廠商領先台積電宣布推出了 2 奈米製程晶片。不過,這家科技大廠並非是台積電長期競爭對手的南韓三星,而是 「藍色巨人」-IBM。
根據 《路透社》 的報導,IBM 在 6 日發表了全球首個 2 奈米製程晶片。根據其公布的資料顯示,IBM 將約 500 億個電晶體容納在指甲大小的晶片上。而以指甲約 150 平方公厘來計算。這使得 IBM 在 2 奈米製程晶片中的電晶體密度約為每平方公釐 3.33 億個電晶體(MTr /mm )。而與當前許多筆記型電腦和智慧型手機中使用的主流 7 奈米製程晶片相較,2 奈米製程的晶片其運算速度將快 45%,而能效方面則將提高 75%。
過去,IBM 曾是一家重要的晶片製造商。不過,現在已將其大多數晶片的生產外包給南韓三星,包括其在下半年將推出的最新 Power 10 伺服器處理器。但是,IBM 在美國紐約州的Albany 仍保留著一個晶片研發中心。該中心負責對晶片進行研發與測試工作,並透過與三星及英特爾所簽定的聯合技術開發協議,讓兩家具備製造能力的晶片製造商可以使用 IBM 研發的晶片技術。
IBM 指出,採用環繞閘極技術(Gate-All-Around,GAA)的 2 奈米製程晶片將比目前最先進的 5 奈米製程晶片面積更小,但運算速度更快。雖然,當前 5 奈米製程晶片已經運用在蘋果 iPhone 12 智慧型手機中。而且,在 5 奈米製程晶片之後,業界還預計將推出 3 奈米製程晶片。不過,IBM 率先發表的 2 奈米製程晶片及其生產技術,目前仍位居全球領先位置。IBM 強調,在新發表的 2 奈米製程晶片中,其電晶體的體積非常小,使晶片可容納大量的電晶體,讓運算能更快,也更加省電。而針對其中可能會有的漏電問題,IBM 表示已經可以克服。
根據 IBM 研究室主任 Darío Gil 指出,2 奈米製程晶片的成敗,其最重要的關鍵還是在電晶體上,因為運算領域的其他一切都取決於電晶體的效能是否變得更好。不過,這不能保證電晶體會一代又一代地向前發展。因此,每當有更先進的電晶體技術出現時,這都是業界的一件大事。只是,雖然 IBM 率先業界開發出 2 奈米製程晶片及技術。但要將其真的普及於市場,IBM 則預估還要幾年的時間。
https://i.imgur.com/SuXYAzR.jpg
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