年金改革的教訓--自己的退休金要自己救 - 公職
By Mason
at 2017-06-26T22:44
at 2017-06-26T22:44
Table of Contents
年金改革已經到尾聲了,大方向早已定案,剩下只是支微末節的修改,
那麼年金改革帶給我的教訓是什麼,我想還是自己的退休金要自己救。
我公職年資超過10年了,我分享自己的經驗給大家參考,
其實這次年金改革在很早就有預兆了,我記得6年前(2010年)政府就把75制改成85制,
將退休資格延後10年,並且設了10年過渡期(2020年才全面實行)。
當時我就判斷政府財政困難,退休制度一定會再延,
果然10年過渡期才走了2年,政府又馬上說沒錢了,想要改成90制,
那時我就開始擔心,如果這樣繼續改下去,難保將來不會改成「95制」、「100制」,
甚至「撫卹制」──做到死才給遺族撫卹金。
雖然那次方案最後沒通過,但已讓我對政府開出的退休支票打上很大的問號,
並且有了強烈的危機感,決定「自己的退休金自己救」。
不過公務員有兼職的限制,所以我主要是靠投資準備。
而這幾年隨著時間及經驗的累積,我的投資收入逐漸追上薪資所得,
前年領到股息逾80萬,已超過未來「可能」領到的月退俸,
目前這個被動收入仍持續成長,我認為這個才是可以真正養我一輩子的現金流。
我認為年改可分為兩個層次討論,首先是「合理性問題」,要打臉這次年改版本太容易了
比如當初年金改革最重要的目標是「消弭職業差異」及「年金永續發展」,
但改完的結果,各種職業年金制度依舊分歧,未來仍可操作職業間的對立。
而且這次版本也明顯不是朝永續發展設計,因為僅能維持「一個」世代的財務穩定,
在臺灣人口老化日趨嚴重的社會下,這種方式只是延長破產年限,無法永續經營,
只要你是35~40歲以下的年輕人,等到輪到你退休時,
還是極有可能會面臨「多繳、晚退、領不到」的困境。
更別提當初年改會是把各行業13種年金都拿出來檢討,
明明軍保2020年破產,勞保2027年破產,結果時間最急迫,或人數最多的年金不先改,
反而優先改財務狀況較好,破產時間較晚的公教年金,輕重緩急明顯失衡。
既然當初年改目標都達不到,很明顯這次版本是有問題的。
比較理想的作法應該是先整合出一套全體適用的「社會保險制度」,
而在各「職業退休金」上也要提出「確定提撥制、個人帳戶制」的改革,
才能解決「職業不均」這個假議題,年金制度也才有永續發展的可能。
但政府為什麼不這麼做呢?這牽涉到第二個層次「利益問題」
因為對執政者的利益來說, 所謂「永續經營」的年金改革,並不是真的需要落實,
只要短期達到足以宣傳政績及吸收選票的程度就夠了。
目前社會最嚴重的問題是低薪跟高房價,但政府已經講白了
「低薪問題短期很難解決」、「政府不會打房,房價最好別漲也別跌。」
畢竟背後利益團體勢力龐大,改革困難重重,相較之下「改革」自家員工簡單多了,
在民調低迷之際,也沒有比這更划算的「投資」了。
這種作法當然不公平,但就像希臘歷史學家講過的一句話:
「只有雙方實力相當時,才有對錯的問題
當雙方實力相差懸殊時,強者可以為所欲為,弱者只能逆來順受。」
改革不管表面講再好聽,背後就是利益的重新分配,而分配的原則就是「弱肉強食」。
所以整件事關鍵還是在於公務員是不是弱者?有沒有跟對方談判的能力?
如果沒有,就只能任對方宰割,就像股價一樣,永遠會往阻力最小的方向前進。
我可以預見隨著國家財政困難,未來類似情況一定會再發生,大家處境也會越來越困難,
所以假如是跟我一樣離退休還有20幾年以上的人,我建議你一定要有危機意識
因為在你退休前制度一定還會再改,而且一定會越改越爛,
千萬不要把下輩子都賭在政府的承諾上
趕快努力培養第二專長或學習投資,趁早作好準備。
等到下次年金改革又來時,你會感謝現在努力的自己。
--
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