台積電AZ建廠優勢變劣勢:人才搶不過英特 - 工程師
By Rachel
at 2022-06-08T01:02
at 2022-06-08T01:02
Table of Contents
台積電美國亞利桑那州建廠優勢變劣勢:人才搶不過英特爾、工作文化也水土不服
https://www.techbang.com/posts/96675
美國鳳凰城的南部跟北部各有一座晶片工廠正在建設中,北邊是台積電投資120億美元的晶片製造工廠,南邊是英特爾投資200億美元對一座老工廠進行改造。雖然兩座工廠都計畫2024年投產,但人才爭奪戰已經先開跑。
而且,雖然台積電為晶圓代工廠的龍頭,但是那是有其獨特的環境與工作文化所打造出來的成績。現在換到截然不同的工作文化背景下,這些優勢反而讓台積電處於下風。
首先,光是在招聘足夠的建築工人就已經困難重重。《日經亞洲》曾刊文稱,台積電已經因土建任務跳票,將設備進場時間由今年9月前後延後到2023年第一季度。
不過,對於招聘高技術人才和工程師而言,招聘建築工人只是一道「開胃菜」。一般情況下,與蘋果、Facebook和Google等網路軟體服務公司相比,晶片製造類的職位在美國並不算吃香,許多美國人甚至沒有聽說過這類工作。
美國人對晶片製造產業的陌生,意味著即使英特爾也需要大費周章才能吸引到合適的人才。英特爾採取的策略之一是與當地大學──尤其是亞利桑那州州立大學密切合作。亞利桑那州州立大學工程學院是美國最大的工程學院,有近2.7萬名學生。
問題是:台積電是否也對他們有吸引力?由於該大學與英特爾建立有長期的密切合作關係,有大量校友在英特爾工作,學生會優先考慮英特爾。
根據《日經亞洲》報導,台積電已未雨綢繆,設法招聘足夠人才。台積電最初計畫主要在美國招聘員工,然後把員工送到台灣總部培訓。但是意識到在美國招聘的難度後,台積電決定同時在台灣招聘人才。
目前,台積電人力資源團隊在與各大學和社區大學洽談合作事宜,在亞利桑那州建立人才儲備庫。除工程師外,亞利桑那州的晶片廠商對負責工廠生產的技術工人更是求賢若渴。技術工人對體能有一定要求,他們的工作包括搬動較重的生產工具和在廠房內巡迴。
另外,台積電的薪酬在台灣地區頗有吸引力,但在美國並非如此。
根據人力平台Glassdoor的統計顯示,台積電在美國聘用的工程師平均年薪約118,000美元,英特爾更高、平均超過128,000美元。更糟的是,矽谷企業提供的薪水更高,美國軟體工程師2021年平均薪資為156,000美元。
台積電面臨的另一個障礙是工作文化,《日經亞洲》的報導中表明,台積電因工作時間長、管理嚴格、重視工作紀律和上下階級關係明確而「臭名遠揚」,員工加班是家常便飯。但美國人可是不吃這一套。
去年11月,就有一名據說是來台受訓的台積電美國工程師,在網路上分享到台積電受訓的優缺點。雖然說是優缺點,但是看起來美國工程師對於台積電的環境很不滿。包括抱怨工時超過12小時、公司軟體老舊、每天花很多時間開會沒效率、學習軟體根本等於沒有幫助等等。從這些也可以看出,如果把台灣的工作文化帶到美國去,會有多大的水土不服。
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