普悠瑪事件的代罪羔羊 - 公職
By Rebecca
at 2018-10-24T15:34
at 2018-10-24T15:34
Table of Contents
普悠瑪列車失速意外造成慘重死亡,一夕間多少家庭破裂,
轉瞬間失去親人的傷痛非言語能形容。
意外發生後,除了撫慰亡者,搶救傷患並給予良好醫療照顧,
媒體及與論最關切的是找出「會發生這場事故,是誰的錯?」
「誰該為18條人命及190多位傷患負責?」眾人的矛頭首先指向了該列車的駕駛尤先生,
急著詢問是否因駕駛超速,未注意前方有大彎道,列車才會脫軌?
明明駕駛早就知道列車有問題,為何仍然繼續行駛? 大家急著找到駕駛
的過失和可歸咎的事由,像是未重啟ATP、過彎道未減速…等,彷彿以為早點定了駕駛的
罪,就可以使亡靈安息,撫慰家屬失去親人的傷痛。
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台鐵平時要維持普悠瑪列車運作,除了訓練良好的駕駛員以外,
更需要許多專業技師共同維護硬體設備、管理人員安排人力及指揮調度、
周延的法規制度與作業辦法。任何一個環節的失誤,都有可能造成嚴重的後果,
如今,發生嚴重的火車出軌事件,難道能把責任全推給第一線的駕駛員一人承擔?
此次事件中,駕駛員是執行列車運作的第一線工作人員,
他的工作受限於調度員的指示及台鐵內部列車調派作業規定,
即使駕駛明知列車出了問題,依職權回報請求檢修,
他在接受上級的指令(繼續行駛至花蓮再換車)之後,人在列車上,
同樣也和乘客一樣冒著生命危險的駕駛,也只能冒著風險繼續行駛,
如今,這個風險成真了,演變成一場重大鐵路意外,如此沉重的責任卻落到駕駛頭上。
駕駛身為龐大的鐵路局裡的一個小螺絲釘,被鑲嵌在環環相扣的科層體制內,
在執行職務時幾乎沒有反抗上級指令的餘地。
列車調度的決策權掌握在上級手上,一旦出事,風險和責任卻由第一線的駕駛來承擔,
這就是我們政府扭曲的科層制度,層層分工,層層卸責。
發生了重大事故,鐵路局長和交通局長就紛紛說要請辭下台,然後呢?
台鐵內部盤根錯節的問題就能解決了嗎?錯誤已經造成,若不找出問題真正的根源,
從制度面著手解決,類似的火車意外事故還會繼續上演,
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每當公部門面臨突發事故,總會有個基層的承辦人自然而然地(被制度逼迫)扛起責任,
身為第一線工作人員,業務出了事情當然是你的錯,無論你事前多麼盡心盡力,
若遇到不可預期的意外,或是結構性問題造成的錯誤,基層公務員就只能自認倒楣扛起來
只因為你是龐大行政機器裡最渺小的基層人員,畢竟結構問題難以釐清,也無從究責
,最有「效率」的方式就是找個人來懲處,行政機關為了避免影響機關聲譽、
影響長官升遷,必須對外掩蓋失誤的真實原因,
處理方式往往都是犧牲一顆小螺絲來止血。
身為一位小市民,同時也是基層公務員,
我為普悠瑪事件的傷亡者感到心痛,也對政府對於事故責任的歸咎感到心寒。
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