四月翻譯競賽審核意見 - ava517 - 翻譯

以下為本篇參賽作品的評鑑內容：

┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│評　分　表 │譯者：ava517 │
├───────┬──────┼─────────────────────┤
│錯　誤　類　別│次數（扣分）│　　錯　　　誤　　　點　　　編　　　號　　│
├───────┼──────┼─────────────────────┤
│重大錯誤 (-9) │　18 (-162) │ 4, 5, 9,11,13,14,15,17,19,20,21,22,24,26 │
│ │ │32,33,37,38 │
│中等錯誤 (-5) │ 12 (- 60) │ 1, 3, 6, 7,10,12,18,27,30,31,34,35 │
│輕微錯誤 (-1) │ 8 (- 8) │ 2, 8,16,23,25,28,29,36 │
├───────┼──────┴─────────────────────┤
│小　　　　　計│　38 (-230) │
├───────┼────────────────────────────┤
│得分 (滿分100)│ -130 │
└───────┴────────────────────────────┘

: ───────────────────────────────────────
: Foreign capital ought to be good for countries that have profitable ventures
: that lack funding because of low savings at home. But Messrs Rodrik and
: Subramanian argue that for many countries, it is not low savings but a
: shortage of good investments that is the binding constraint. Weak property
: rights, poorly enforced contracts and the fear that profits will be siphoned
: away make it hard to conceive of ventures that might generate a reliable
: return. When investment opportunities are scarce, capital inflows simply
: displace domestic savings and encourage consumption.
: 外資應當對那些因低存款融資缺乏的淨利投資國家是有好處的
X(1)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 但是麥絲洛迪克和瑟巴馬尼恩卻為許多國家爭辯，它並非是低存款而是一個良好設限投資
X(2) X(3)^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(4)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 的短缺。微弱的產權、勉為其難實行的合約以及害怕利潤被剝奪都使得投資可能創造一個
X(5)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(6)^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 可觀報酬率的觀念難以被接受。當畏懼投資機會時，資金流動就輕易的取代了舊有的存款
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(7)^^^^^^^^^^ X(8)^^
: 以及激勵消費

1.指因國內存款額過低導致境內企業欠缺資金的國家。
2.Messrs 為 Mr. 的複數
3.此處係指提出主張
4.譯文難以理解
5.無此意涵
6.非此觀念難以接受
7.無所謂畏懼可言
8. simply 在此無輕易之意

: Whatever their misgivings about cosmopolitan capital, the authors do not
: deny that deeper financial markets in general help to foster prosperity.
: Even in economies short of good investment projects, a sturdier channel
: connecting domestic savers and borrowers will help growth. The more domestic
: savings can be put to work, the less need is there for foreign capital,
: and using local funds helps keep the exchange rate down and promotes export
: growth. By contrast, encouraging foreign capital to flood in can put upward
: pressure on the exchange rate, making exports less competitive. In some
: circumstances, capital controls may be justified if they keep the currency
: cheap and promote growth.
: 無論他們對全球資金的不安，作者都否認在一般在較為深厚的財務市場能促進繁榮。即使
X(9)^^ X(10)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 在全球資金的經濟短缺，一個穩固的通路都能連結國內的儲蓄者及借貸者幫助他們資金成
X(11)^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(12)
: 長。越多可被運行的國內存款，在那就越少有外資，並可運用當地基金輔助保持低匯率以
X(13)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 及立即的出口成長性。相反地，激勵外資流入可能導致匯率的緊縮，並促使出口較低競爭
X(14)^^^^^^^^^^^ X(15) X(16)
: 性。但如果能夠使得貨幣保持低廉並推動成長，在一些匯率的緊縮、促使出口較低競爭性
X(17)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: ，甚至是環境因素，資金都能合理的支配
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

9.作者未否認
10.此處係指經更深度發展的金融市場
11.無此意涵
12.此處係指經濟成長
13.此處係指前者運用得越多，對後者的需求就越少
14.無此意涵
15.無此意涵
16.負面結果不宜使用「促進」
17.譯文難以理解

: Why do the authors make such a strong case for export-led growth as a means
: to development in poor countries, even if it is at the expense of more open
: capital markets? First, they believe, exports are a force for institutional
: reform. A firm making clothes to sell abroad demands consistent state
: regulation, reliable transport links and enforceable contracts with suppliers
: to a degree that a barbershop serving the domestic market does not. Second,
: exporters foster skills, technology and expertise that can fruitfully spill
: over to other enterprises.
: 為何作者視出口導向成長型的強烈論點為一種開發貧窮國家的工具?即使是在過度開發的
　X(18)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(19)^^^^^
: 資本市場。第一，他們相信出口是一種制度的改革力量。一家公司行號可能製作成衣銷售
^^^^^^^^
: 到國外需要國的的持續監管、可靠的運輸環節以及與供應商有可行的合約，如同在某種程
X(20)^^^^^^^^^
: 度上理髮店服侍尚未有的國內市場。第二，出口商培育的技術、科技以及專業都能夠使豐
X(21)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 碩的回收超越其他企業
X(22)^^^^^^^^^^^

18.論點無法作為開發貧窮國家的工具
19-22. 無此意涵

: Messrs Rodrik and Subramanian conclude that with the benefits of liberalised
: finance under the microscope in rich countries, it is time for more subtle
: thinking about the global picture. “Depending on context and country,”
: they write, “the appropriate role of policy will be as often to stem the
: tide of capital flows as to encourage them.”
: 麥絲洛迪克和瑟巴馬尼恩總結該是時候的仔細想想有關全球的藍圖像是在富有國家的微觀
X(23) X(24)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 下以及運用自由財務的淨利。“依賴脈絡與國家”，他們這麼寫道，“政策的適當角色將
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(25)
: 會如同資金流動的潮流般那樣激勵他們”
X(26)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

23. 同 2.
24. 譯文難以理解
25. 宜譯為根據
26. 無此意涵

: That bold conclusion leaves some troubling issues unresolved. As China's
: experience suggests, keeping the exchange rate weak in support of export-led
: growth becomes harder to sustain over time. Nor is it easy to keep foreign
: capital out. Capital controls can be evaded by adjusting trade invoices:
: exporters can bring funds in secretly by over-invoicing for foreign sales.
: The authorities can use sterilised intervention to stop inflows pushing the
: exchange rate up, but this imposes its own costs on the economy—in terms of
: higher interest rates or a distorted allocation of credit.
: 這大膽的假設依然留下一些令人困擾的議題尚未解決。如同中國的經驗告訴我們，保持匯
: 率的弱勢來輔助出口導向的成長性，將會在往後變的更為困難。即使阻止外資也是一樣。
　X(27)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 資本的支配可能藉由調整商業發票而避開
X(28)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 資本的支配可藉由調整商業發票而避開:出口商可能藉由外國銷售的過度開發發票偷偷地
X(29) X(30)^^^^^^^
: 攜帶資金。相關單位可以運用權力介入停止外資流入而推動匯率上升，但這卻強化了它原
X(31)^^^ X(32)^^^^^^^^^ X(33)^^^^^
: 本的經濟成長-就較高利率或信用的扭曲配置來說
^^^^^^^^^^^^

27.此處係指不容易阻擋外資。
28.贅文
29.此處係指管制、控制
30.over-invoicing 係指低額高報
31.sterilised intervention 指沖銷管制措施
32.此處係指阻止匯率上升，而非推動匯率上升
33.無強化經濟成長之效果

: It is possible too that over time capital inflows are becoming less risky
: and the collateral benefits more tangible. And more stable direct investments
: account for an increasing share of capital inflows. Countries will ultimately
: have to come to terms with global capital and the choice is not only whether
: to embrace or resist it. There is a third option: find ways to manage it.
: After all, few would now argue that financial progress should not be policed
: at all.
: 過時的資金流入是有可能變得越來越少風險以及擔保品的利潤變得越有形。而更多穩定的
X(34) X(35)^^^^^^^ X(36) X(37)^^^^^
: 直接投資說明了資金流入的增值共享。國家將必須最終地面對全球資金及選擇不僅僅是要
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 接受或抵制它。在此有第三個選擇:找到個方法去管理它。畢竟現在很少會爭論財務的進
: 展不該就這樣被政策化。
X(38)^^^^^^^^^^^^^

34.無過時之意
35.非指擔保品之利益，係指附帶、伴隨而來之利益
36.宜譯為具體
37.譯文難以理解
38.譯文難以理解
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: 註：參賽譯文之張貼順序與參與順序、譯文品質、最終名次無關。

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