民事庭法官想看到什麼樣的狀紙 - 律師工作討論
By Lucy
at 2018-11-08T16:45
at 2018-11-08T16:45
Table of Contents
這2天看了10月號的在野法潮,雖然主題是講法律人職涯的轉換,但最有
興趣的反而是一篇問卷調查的結果:台北、士林及新北地院有填寫問卷的
法官中,有2/3認為律師的書狀「不要」一直貼最高法院判決等實務見解,
不要讓法官看太多別人的見解;開庭時不需要把書狀照著再唸一次,也不要
當庭才給書狀。
正好之前有機會跟某民事庭法官聊過這個問題,他說:民事庭法官都很忙,
一個月新收50+件以上很平常,又得開庭又得寫判決,所以律師的書狀最好是:
1、頁數不要太多,除了辯論意旨狀外,最好不要超過5頁(特殊案件除外)。
2、別貼太多實務見解(跟上面調查相同),法官真要的話會自己去找,就算
內容一樣,他也不見得要用你提供的字號。
3、千萬不要重覆。例如準備二狀中先把準備一狀的內容貼一遍;或是把同樣
的事情換句話再說一遍,這樣反而會看不到你真正要說的。
4、言簡意賅,行文別落落長,一段只有一句話,還全部都只用逗號。不用太
白話,但也別成語古文甚至譬喻一堆,沒時間去查典故只能用猜的或是跳
過不看。不如多分句分點,把各個概念跟其中的關連性說清楚。
5、法官其實不會看你的狀紙(咦?)。這麼說當然是誇張,但很多法官寫判
決時,主要依據的是開庭筆錄和兩造所提證據,而不是你的狀紙寫的
有多驚天地泣鬼神。道理很簡單,法官立於中立的立場,在下判斷時會有
避免受一造影響的認知,而兩造狀紙通常勢必偏坦一方,但證據本身不會。
因此法官會詳看證據,斟酌(解讀)證據應該是顯示出何種意義,然
後是不是對的上提出證據一方的主張,程度又是多少。反覆這個過程,在
其中漸漸形成對事實存在與否的認定(心證)。至於一些程序上或爭執不
爭執事項的問題,則以筆錄記載為主,否則隔一個月才開庭,案子又這麼多,
很難記的清楚上次開庭的情形。至於證人證詞也是一樣以筆錄為主。
6、字體加大、加粗、加黑、畫底線確實有助於法官定睛在狀紙的特定句子或段落
,但需慎用,只使用在最想突顯的關鍵句子,而且那個句子最好有提到所憑的
證據;有些狀紙可能覺得某個實務見解或某段敘述很重要就全部加大、加粗、
加黑、畫底線,搞的整張紙有畫線的地方比沒畫線的地方還多,這樣到底是在
突顯重點還是製造混亂?
在聊天的過程中收獲很多,也會反思一下既然律師狀紙的讀者是法官,怎麼樣寫
才能讓他們花最少的時間抓到你要表達的事情。當然還有許多其他的考量,例如
當事人的觀感、擔心法官會評書狀品質不佳,影響未來轉任等…不過還是想知道
各位道長對這個問題有何高見?希望此拙文能夠拋磚引玉,讓更多道長能夠分享看法。
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