四月翻譯競賽審核意見 - jesuisbenoit - 翻譯
By Andy
at 2008-05-03T02:00
at 2008-05-03T02:00
Table of Contents
以下為本篇參賽作品的評鑑內容:
┌──────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│評 分 表 │譯者:jesuisbenoit │
├───────┬──────┼─────────────────────┤
│錯 誤 類 別│次數(扣分)│ 錯 誤 點 編 號 │
├───────┼──────┼─────────────────────┤
│重大錯誤 (-9) │ 2 (-18) │18,25 │
│中等錯誤 (-5) │ 9 (-45) │ 1, 4, 8,10,12,13,15,22,24 │
│輕微錯誤 (-1) │ 14 (-14) │ 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9,11,14,16,17,19,20,21 │
│ │ │23 │
├───────┼──────┴─────────────────────┤
│小 計│ 25 (-77) │
├───────┼────────────────────────────┤
│得分 (滿分100)│ 23 │
└───────┴────────────────────────────┘
: ───────────────────────────────────────
: Foreign capital ought to be good for countries that have profitable ventures
: that lack funding because of low savings at home. But Messrs Rodrik and
: Subramanian argue that for many countries, it is not low savings but a
: shortage of good investments that is the binding constraint. Weak property
: rights, poorly enforced contracts and the fear that profits will be siphoned
: away make it hard to conceive of ventures that might generate a reliable
: return. When investment opportunities are scarce, capital inflows simply
: displace domestic savings and encourage consumption.
: 由於國內儲蓄率低,對於具備營利事業卻缺乏資金的國家而言,
X(1)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 外資應該有所助益,但Messrs Rodrik 及Subramanian卻爭論道:
X(2)^^
: 對許多國家而言,並非儲蓄率低的問題,而是缺乏好的投資,這就是限制。
X(3)^^^^^^
: 財產權、合約的約束力不彰,同時擔心利潤遭侵蝕,
: 再再都使人難以想像企業能創造可靠的營收。
: 當投資機會極少時,資本流入就取代了國內儲蓄並刺激消費。
X(4)^^^^
1.缺乏資金的是營利事業而非國家
2.Messrs 為 Mr. 的複數
3.譯文不通順
4.投資機會極少與資本流入無因果關係,此處意指流入的外資作用有限
: Whatever their misgivings about cosmopolitan capital, the authors do not
: deny that deeper financial markets in general help to foster prosperity.
: Even in economies short of good investment projects, a sturdier channel
: connecting domestic savers and borrowers will help growth. The more domestic
: savings can be put to work, the less need is there for foreign capital,
: and using local funds helps keep the exchange rate down and promotes export
: growth. By contrast, encouraging foreign capital to flood in can put upward
: pressure on the exchange rate, making exports less competitive. In some
: circumstances, capital controls may be justified if they keep the currency
: cheap and promote growth.
: 不論對於國際資本的擔憂為何,
: 作者並未否認更深的金融市場大致能促進繁榮。
X(5)
: 即使在缺乏良好投資計畫的經濟體中,
: 連結國內儲蓄人與借款人健全的管道也將促進成長。
X(6)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 更多國內儲蓄運用於工作,外資的需求因而下降;
X(7)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 運用國內資金能穩定匯率,進而促進出口增長。
: 相較之下,若鼓勵外資流入將會增加貨幣升值的壓力,
: 使出口企業失去競爭力。
: 如果讓貨幣持續貶值以提升成長力,資本管制可能就情有可原。
X(8)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(9)^^^^
5.此處係指經過更深度發展的金融市場
6.譯文不通順
7.譯文未妥適地表達出前者越多則後者越少的意涵
8.無使貨幣「持續貶值」的意思,此處僅指使貨幣價值維持在低檔
9.「情有可原」似乎不適合在此使用
: Why do the authors make such a strong case for export-led growth as a means
: to development in poor countries, even if it is at the expense of more open
: capital markets? First, they believe, exports are a force for institutional
: reform. A firm making clothes to sell abroad demands consistent state
: regulation, reliable transport links and enforceable contracts with suppliers
: to a degree that a barbershop serving the domestic market does not. Second,
: exporters foster skills, technology and expertise that can fruitfully spill
: over to other enterprises.
: 為何作者如此強調以出口帶動經濟成長作為窮國的發展方法,
: 即使意味著需要更開放的資本市場?
X(10)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 其一、他們堅信出口是制度改革的力量。
: 製造衣服銷往國外企業需要國家法令、交通網絡的配合,
X(11)
: 還需與供應商簽訂具法律效力的契約,
: 但國內一家理髮店卻不見得需要。
X(12)^^^^^^^
: 其二、出口商提升技能、科技及專業知識,以勝過其它企業。
X(13)^^^^^^^^^
10. 出口導向經濟基本上會進行嚴格的貨幣管制,故其資本市場會更封閉,而非更開放
11. regulation 在此為不可屬名詞,宜譯為管理、管制、調控
12. 此處係指對前述項目的需求較不迫切
13. 此處係指出口商所培植發展的技能、科技及專業知識有利於其他企業
: Messrs Rodrik and Subramanian conclude that with the benefits of liberalised
: finance under the microscope in rich countries, it is time for more subtle
: thinking about the global picture. “Depending on context and country,”
: they write, “the appropriate role of policy will be as often to stem the
: tide of capital flows as to encourage them.”
: Messrs Rodri 及Subramanian總結:
X(14)^
: 當富國享受金融自由化所帶來的利益,
X(15)
: 也正是進一步精密思考全球圖像的時候。
: 他們寫道:情況取決於不同背景與國家,
: 政策應同時遏止、鼓勵資金流動。
X(16)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
14.同 2.
15.此處似指對金融自由化未付國帶來的利益做過深入研究
16.語意上不合邏輯
: That bold conclusion leaves some troubling issues unresolved. As China's
: experience suggests, keeping the exchange rate weak in support of export-led
: growth becomes harder to sustain over time. Nor is it easy to keep foreign
: capital out. Capital controls can be evaded by adjusting trade invoices:
: exporters can bring funds in secretly by over-invoicing for foreign sales.
: The authorities can use sterilised intervention to stop inflows pushing the
: exchange rate up, but this imposes its own costs on the economy—in terms of
: higher interest rates or a distorted allocation of credit.
: 這大膽的結論並未解決棘手的問題。
X(17)^
: 中國的經驗透露出:讓貨幣貶值以提升出口帶動經濟成長並非長遠之計,
X(18)^^^^^^^
: 也無法有效使外資撤離。
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 透過調整貿易發票得以規避資本管制:
: 出口商可以暗地高報外銷以攜帶資金。
X(19)^^^ X(20)
: 有關當局可以介入阻止資金流入推升匯率,但此舉也增加自身經濟負擔,
X(21)
: 包括了高利率或扭曲的信用分配。
17. 此處係指留有棘手問題未解決,無法由此推論出該結論本身未解決其他棘手問題
18. 此處係指前者之狀況難以維持,無法由此推論出前者非長遠之計,且讓貨幣貶值以
提升出口帶動經濟成長並無「使外資撤離」之功能。
19. over-invoicing 宜譯成「低額高報」
20. 譯文未譯出資金之流動方向
21. sterilised intervention 宜譯為「沖銷干預(措施)」
: It is possible too that over time capital inflows are becoming less risky
: and the collateral benefits more tangible. And more stable direct investments
: account for an increasing share of capital inflows. Countries will ultimately
: have to come to terms with global capital and the choice is not only whether
: to embrace or resist it. There is a third option: find ways to manage it.
: After all, few would now argue that financial progress should not be policed
: at all.
: 資金流入也可能隨著時間推移來降低風險、使抵押利益更實際、
X(22)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ X(23)
: 穩定直接投資佔資金流入日益增加的比例。
X(24)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: 國家最終要面對全球資金,而選擇不會只有接受或拒絕,
: 還有另一項選擇,那就是找出方法經營。
: 畢竟,大家幾乎都相信:財政進展根本不該受到控管。
X(25)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
22. 資金流入並非降低風險之工具,此處係指流入之外資所具有的風險可能會隨時間的
經過而降低
23. collateral 在此宜譯為「附隨」、「附代」
24. 此處係指直接投資占流入之外資的比例可能會逐漸增加
25. 語意顛倒,原文在此係指大多數人認為金融發展應受到控管
: ───────────────────────────────────────
: 註:參賽譯文之張貼順序與參與順序、譯文品質、最終名次無關。
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